Network Tools

There are many powerful command-line tools available for network troubleshooting and analysis.

Common Network Tools and Use Cases

ping: Used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
```
ping www.google.com
```
traceroute: Used to trace the path that a packet takes to a destination host.
```
traceroute www.google.com
```
ss: Used to display network socket information. It is a modern replacement for netstat.
```
# List all listening TCP sockets
ss -tl
```
netstat: Used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.
```
# List all listening ports
netstat -tuln
```
nmap: Used for network discovery and security auditing.
```
# Scan for open ports on a host
nmap 192.168.1.1
```
curl: Used to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc.).
```
# Get the headers of a web page
curl -I www.google.com
```

tcpdump: A powerful command-line packet analyzer.

# Capture packets on the eth0 interface
sudo tcpdump -i eth0

wireshark-cli (tshark): A command-line version of the Wireshark network protocol analyzer.
```
# Capture packets and save them to a file
sudo tshark -i eth0 -w capture.pcap
```